The heyday of anthropological collecting on the Northwest Coast took place between 1875 and the Great Depression. The scramble for skulls and skeletons, poles, canoes, baskets, feast bowls, and masks went on until it seemed that almost everything not nailed down or hidden was gone. The period of most intense collecting on the coast coincided with the growth of anthropological museums, which reflected the realization that time was running out and that civilization was pushing the indigenous people to the wall, destroying their material culture and even extinguishing the native stock itself.

Douglas Cole examines the process of collecting in the context of the development of museums and anthropology. The main North American museums with Northwest Coast collections – the Smithsonian Institution, the American Museum of Natural History, Chicago's Field Museum of Natural History, the Royal British Columbia Museum, and the Canadian Museum of Civilization in Ottawa – were intense rivals in the race against time.

For the new edition of Captured Heritage, Douglas Cole has written a preface in which he outlines developments since the book’s first publication in 1985. Since that time, for example, the Kwagiulth Museum and Cultural Center on Quadra Island and the U'Mista Museum and Cultural Center at Alert Bay have been successful in having some of their artifacts repatriated.

Douglas Cole (1938-1997) was professor of history at Simon Fraser University in British Columbia and a leading scholar on the history and culture of the Native peoples of the northwest Pacific coast. He was known for his writings on the history of art, literature, and intellectual thought in early British Columbia society, and he also wrote seminal studies about the impact of European values and institutions on the region's Native cultures. His ground-breaking books, Captured Heritage: The Scramble for Northwest Coast Artifacts (1985) and An Iron Hand Upon the People: The Law Against the Potlatch on the Northwest Coast (1990; coauthored with Ira Chaikin) remain exemplary works for their painstaking research, provocative insights, and clarity of exposition.

Douglas Cole's profile page

A new door has been opened by Douglas Cole on the scramble. The rivalry of the “collectors.” As I visit the museums of the world this book will haunt my steps.

What’s Happening?

Captured Heritage is a major contribution to museum history and to an understanding of the nature of collecting on the Northwest Coast prior to 1930. As museums work out new management and ownership relationships with First nations, reference to the complex historical relationships outlined by Cole will arise over and over again.

The Midden

Captured Heritage: The Scramble for Northwest Coast Artifacts