In recent decades, the economic framework of Canada’s Constitution has been a subject largely neglected by judges, scholars, and commentators. Trade and Commerce fills this gap by bringing to light a lost understanding of how the Constitution structures economic relations.

As Malcolm Lavoie reveals, the Constitution includes foundational commitments to property rights, local government autonomy, and the principle of subsidiarity. At the same time, it creates a platform for integrated national markets with secure channels for interprovincial trade. This economic vision remains a vital part of Canada’s constitutional order and is relevant to a purposive interpretation of the Constitution. But contemporary legal discourse has begun to lose touch with this vision, with regrettable consequences in a number of different policy areas.

Exploring the implications of the economic Constitution in the context of contemporary issues – including disputes over interprovincial trade and jurisdictional tensions between federal, provincial, and Indigenous governments with respect to the environment and the economy – Trade and Commerce restores economic ideas to the forefront of constitutional thinking in Canada.

Malcolm Lavoie is associate professor in the Faculty of Law at the University of Alberta.

Malcolm Lavoie's profile page

“[Trade and Commerce] is both theoretically important as well as practical. Lavoie’s arguments are exactly the type needed in the twenty-first century to make Canada a national economically integrated country that also respects local autonomy.” Alberta Law Review

“Malcom Lavoie persuasively demonstrates that it is only by understanding the text of the constitution against its political and economic backdrop that jurists can breathe life into that model of harmonious and productive relations. He gives Canadian judges a razor-sharp analysis of the economic vision of the division of powers, one that has been tangled beyond recognition by decades of scholarship. Trade and Commerce slices the Gordian knot decisively, and with ease and clarity.” Ryan Alford, Lakehead University and author of Seven Absolute Rights: Recovering the Foundations of Canada's Rule of Law