While 9/11 was understood at the time as a world-changing event in international relations, its uneven aftermath and the long-term effects for North America could not have been predicted.

Twenty years later, The Legacy of 9/11 explores the political, economic, security and defence, and trade and border implications of the event. Written by a team of North American experts across many fields, the book foregrounds the fallout of 9/11 in Mexico and Canada as opposed to the more commonly discussed impact on the United States. Looking at the event and its aftermath through four lenses – ideas about North America; border, trade, and economics; security and society; and defence – contributors analyze the complex legacy of 9/11. Rather than serving as a catalyst to create an integrated, trilateral continent, 9/11 entrenched the North America we have today: three separate states with emphasis on two very different borders.

From a reconsideration of internationalism, a rise in populism, and a shift in migration patterns to the interventions in Afghanistan and Iraq, The Legacy of 9/11 uncovers how successive North American governments reacted in surprising ways to the world-altering attack.

Andrea Charron is associate professor of political studies at the University of Manitoba and director of the Centre for Defence and Security Studies.

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Alexander Moens is professor and chair of political science at Simon Fraser University.

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Stéphane Roussel is assistant professor and Canada Research Chair in Canadian Foreign and Defence Policy, Université du Québec à Montréal, and the author of "The North American Democratic Peace: Absence of War and Security Institution-Building in Canada-US Relations, 1867-1958."

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“The Legacy of 9/11 is an ambitious and important undertaking, offering an interesting retrospective of the world both before and after the attacks on September 11th. This volume will no doubt cause readers to reflect on their own understandings of 9/11 and how it has shaped not only world events but also personal histories.” Jeffrey Rice, MacEwan University