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History France

Nature and Nurture in French Social Sciences, 1859–1914 and Beyond

by (author) Martin S. Staum

Publisher
McGill-Queen's University Press
Initial publish date
Oct 2011
Category
France
  • eBook

    ISBN
    9780773585942
    Publish Date
    Oct 2011
    List Price
    $95.00

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Description

The prevailing assumption has been that French ethnographers highlighted the cultural and social environment while anthropologists emphasized the scientific study of head and body shapes. Martin Staum shows that the temptation to gravitate towards one pole of the nature-nurture continuum often resulted in reluctant concessions to the other side. Psychologists Théodule Ribot and Alfred Binet, for example, were forced to recognize the importance of social factors. Non-Durkheimian sociologists were divided on the issue of race and gender as progressive and tolerant attitudes on race did not necessarily correlate with flexible attitudes on gender. Recognizing this allows Staum to raise questions about the theory of the equivalence of all marginalized groups.

Anthropological institutions re-organized before the First World War sometimes showed decreasing confidence in racial theory but failed to abandon it completely. Staum's chilling epilogue discusses how the persistent legacy of such theories was used by extremist anthropologists outside the mainstream to deploy racial ideology as a basis of persecution in the Vichy era.

About the author

Martin S. Staum, Associate Professor of History at the University of Calgary, is the author of Cabanis: Enlightenment and Medical Philosophy in the French Revolution and a contributor to scholarly periodicals and serials such as French Historical Studies in History of Biology.

Martin S. Staum's profile page