Over the last thirty years Canadian policy on aboriginal issues has come to be dominated by an ideology that sees aboriginal peoples as "nations" entitled to specific rights. Indians and Inuit now enjoy legal privileges that include the inherent right to self-government, collective property rights, immunity from taxation, hunting and fishing rights without legal limits, and free housing, education, and medical care. Underpinning these privileges is what Tom Flanagan describes as "aboriginal orthodoxy" - the belief that prior residence in North America is an entitlement to special treatment. Flanagan shows that this orthodoxy enriches a small elite of activists, politicians, administrators, and well-connected entrepreneurs, while bringing further misery to the very people it is supposed to help. Controversial and thought-provoking, First Nations? Second Thoughts dissects the prevailing ideology that determines public policy towards Canada's aboriginal peoples. Flanagan analyzes the developments of the last ten years, showing how a conflict of visions has led to a stalemate in aboriginal policy-making. He concludes that aboriginal success will be achieved not as the result of public policy changes in government but through the actions of the people themselves.

Tom Flanagan is Distinguished Fellow in the School of Public Policy at the University of Calgary. Former director of research for the Reform Party, and former campaign manager for Stephen Harper's Conservative Party, he is the author of Harper's Team: Behind the Scenes in the Conservative Rise to Power.

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"Flanagan's arguments are, without question, the most thoughtful and comprehensive of the critiques of aboriginal policy that have been offered so far." Alan Cairns, University of British Columbia

"An important and courageous work." National Post