Angela Sterritt: The Legacy of Violence Against Indigenous Women in Canada

March 6, 2015 · Tagged angela sterritt, #mmiw, missing and murdered indigenous women, tina fontaine, helen betty osborne, talking history, international women's day

For many Indigenous people, the vicious slaying of Tina Fontaine was just one more tragedy among the close to 1200 women documented as murdered or missing in Canada.

Angela Sterritt Art — Credit: Angela Sterritt. "Honour the Dead, Fight for the Living, Honour the Living, Fight for the Dead." 3.5 ft x 4.5 ft. Acrylic on canvas.

Talking History focuses on a wide range of topics in Canadian history, and it consists of articles by Canada's foremost historians and history experts. Our contributors use the power of narrative to bring the past to life and to show how it is not just relevant, but essential to our understanding of Canada and the world today. "Talking History" is a series made possible through a special funding grant from the Department of Canadian Heritage.

Angela Sterritt is an award-winning journalist, artist, and filmmaker from the Gitxsan Nation. She's been a working journalist for over 15 years and is currently a CBC reporter in television, radio and online. She was recently awarded a prestigious William Southam Journalism Fellowship—the first Indigenous person of Canada to receive the award since its inception in 1962.

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Stepping onto the sandy shores of the Red River, a Winnipeg man and his son noticed a bundle floating on the sun-tinged water. It was later found to be the lifeless body of a petite 15-year-old Anishnaabe girl, wrapped in a bag.

The news of Tina Fontaine’s murder in the summer of 2014 flooded the headlines as thousands of shocked Canadians took to the streets to demand action. At a press conference, a Winnipeg police sergeant said, “Society should be horrified by the violent death of a child.” Members of Parliament stood up in the House of Commons stressing the need to have a national conversation about violence against Indigenous women. There was no question: justice was needed for a girl who had perished before her life even seemed to begin.

But for many Indigenous people, as troubling as the vicious slaying was, the news was all too familiar. It was just one more tragedy among close to 1200 Indigenous women documented as murdered or missing in Canada—a disturbing pattern spanning decades.

Helen Betty Osborne is one of those tragic stories, one of the most high profile cases in Canada and one of only a handful of murdered or missing Indigenous women that many Canadians know by name.

Betty, as friends and family called her, was walking home from a dance in The Pas, Manitoba, on the night of November 13th, 1971, when she was approached by four young white men who asked her to “party.” When she refused one of the men jumped out of the car and forced her into the back seat between two men who sexually and physically assaulted her. They drove her out of town to an isolated area where they brutally beat her and stabbed her over fifty times with a screwdriver, finally leaving her for death.

In search for answers as to why such violence happens, advocates look at the vulnerability of Indigenous women, pointing to age and social and economic marginalization. Sometimes stories illustrate experiences of poverty, abuse, and addictions. However, too often, a girl or a woman’s vulnerability is simply insofar as she is Indigenous.

"

"Too often, a girl or a woman’s vulnerability is simply insofar as she is Indigenous."

"

For 19-year-old Osborne, the injustice of her brutal murder didn’t stop the night she died. Her murderers were not brought to justice for 16 years, while rumours tore through the community like wildfire, the killers even bragging about the assault and killing. During the trial, both journalists and the Crown spoke to townspeople who claimed the circumstances of Osborne’s death had been no secret.

The 1988 Aboriginal Justice Inquiry into the murder of Helen Betty Osborne suggested that “because Osborne was an Aboriginal person, the townspeople considered the murder unimportant. Allegations of racism, neglect, and indifference, on the part of the citizens of the town, the police and of the Attorney General’s department, were made.”

Navigating this dark sea of tragedy for many Indigenous people has been a lonely road and an uphill battle—one marked by several decades of public apathy. The 2014 RCMP report into Missing and Murdered Indigenous women sparked a public outcry, but families of missing and murdered women have been voicing these concerns for over 50 years.

"

"The 2014 RCMP report into Missing and Murdered Indigenous women sparked a public outcry, but families of missing and murdered women have been voicing these concerns for over 50 years."

"

Helen Betty Osborne’s story is not just about the murder of an Indigenous woman surrounded by a code of silence. It is about a national culture in Canada that is marred with racism—including regular segregation, harassment, assault, and yes, murder. This racism is rooted in Canadian relations with Indigenous people that began in the early nation-building years.

The history of violence against Indigenous women can be traced to colonization, systemic racism, denial of culture, language and traditions, and laws designed to destroy identity, dislocate, and fragment families. Canadian history books and shared experiences reveal that part of the colonial project was to dehumanize Indigenous women to justify any concurrent violations and abuses—to ultimately gain access to and power over Indigenous land.

Residential school, legislation in the Indian Act, and partnerships created between the federal government and the Indian brotherhood laid the early foundations of denigrating Indigenous women. In order to access land and power in Indigenous country, the forefathers of Canada needed to eliminate those responsible to it. For most that meant the backbones of Indigenous communities—the women. This rationale of removal is documented in Canadian academic and news archives.

This history has shaped our current reality, a legacy of gendered racism reinforcing the long silence surrounding the violence experienced by First Nations, Inuit, and Métis women. It is important for people to recognize the intricate history that lies behind these women’s stories and those of their families, and to understand how this history continues to play out and shape our behaviors in Canada still.

Credit: Angela Sterritt. "Bravery to Truth." With permission from Rinelle Harper and her mother. Graphic design.

It would be unfair to say that nothing has changed since the 1970s. Awareness has grown of violence against Indigenous women, Indigenous populations are rising and some of our people are now in powerful roles in Canada—university professors, journalists, lawyers, doctors, and government workers—creating dialogue and impact on many fronts. Non-Indigenous people more and more have a thirst to learn not just about the stories of colonial devastation, but to listen to Indigenous narratives that illustrate equality, empowerment, truth, and justice.

"

"It would be disingenuous to say that violence against Indigenous women has changed to a degree that things are getting better."

"

But it would be disingenuous to say that violence against Indigenous women has changed to a degree that things are getting better. Tina Fontaine’s aunt recently received hate mail explicating their family members “... are nothing but a bunch of drunken Indians." Online comments on news stories show that some people think the situation of missing and murdered Indigenous women is a result of girls and women thrusting themselves into unsafe situations. The numbers of those missing and murdered have not slowed down, and there has been no uptick in charges against those responsible for violence against Indigenous women.

The rampant violence against Indigenous women in this country has spurred a Missing Women’s Commission of Inquiry; a report by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR), affiliated with the Organization of American States: a United Nations Special Rapporteur envoy and report; an Amnesty International investigation; an Aboriginal Justice Inquiry; countless international and national economic, social and Indigenous forums; and now a national federal roundtable with public debates surrounding the need for a national inquiry.

But has all this made a difference? This issue has only recently reached national headlines, with the public becoming aware of the problem and beginning to seek answers as to what has gone so wrong. Though surely one would think that, as families, advocates, and journalists have been pushing the relevance of this story for decades, some answers would come to light long ago. So what has changed about the conversation now?

Perhaps it has to do with timing, human growth and development, and an ability to finally see how history unfolds and overflows into the present when it is not recognized as existing at all. As my mother once said, “When history is swept under the carpet, it does not go away, it simply grows and transforms into something bigger and often worse.”

Conceivably Canada as a nation has reached the maturity level to finally tackle the hard and demanding issues, the problems that have no one single simple conclusion or solution.

And maybe, if I push myself to hope beyond, it has to do with our country building awareness based on compassion and love, and an altruistic desire to create a better nation of Indigenous and non-Indigenous people working together towards common goals of safety, mutual understanding and equality.

Regardless, I ask you, the reader, to honor the lives of these women— not just Tina, or Betty, but the 1200-plus daughters, nieces, mothers, grandmothers, sisters, granddaughters and friends, many of whom are named below—by asking yourself why their lives were taken prematurely and why these people's lives and their memories have not been respected in the way they ought to have been. Most important, I ask you to think of how you can be a part of changing this horrific legacy of violence.

"

"I ask you to think of how you can be a part of changing this horrific legacy of violence."

"

The following lists the names of missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls in Canada as of March 1, 2015. It was compiled by Maryanne Pearce, a federal public servant who created a database on missing and murdered women as part of her LL.D. thesis for the University of Ottawa's law school, and appears here with her permission. Pearce's list was developed by cross-referencing newspaper articles, police websites and reports, court documents and other public sources. Her 2013 dissertation is called "An Awkward Silence: Missing and Murdered Vulnerable Women and the Canadian Justice System." Pearce's work was recognized in the 2014 RCMP’s report on missing and murdered Indigenous women.

The remaining names (roughly 200) that make up the RCMP’s number 1187 missing and murdered Indigenous women are difficult to locate without police Canadian Police Information Center (CPIC) information.

Pearce’s list includes only cases of missing or murdered Indigenous women that police are investigating as suspicious. Cases deemed non-foul play have been removed.

1. Yvonne	Abigosis		1984	BC
2. Sereena	Abotsway	29	2001	BC
3. Sally	Abou		1992	BC
4. Sharon	Abraham		2000	BC
5. Christine	Ackabee	43	2006	AB
6. Chelsey	Acorn	14	2005	BC
7. Rachel	Adams	23	2004	BC
8. Jackie	Adams	30	1996	ON
9. Hilda	Agawa	63	2009	ON
10. Bernadette	Ahenakew	22	1989	AB
11. Laura	Ahenakew	22	1990	SK
12. Inusiq	Akavak	39	2000	NU
13. Nina	Akbarian	3	1996	ON
14. Debrah	Akhiatak		1996	NU
15. Teresa	Aklunark	64	2009	NU
16. Shannon	Alexander	17	2008	QC
17. Annette	Allan		2001	BC
18. Elaine	Alook	35	2004	AB
19. Maria	Amarualik	57	2010	NU
20. Adrienne	Amikons	14	1997	ON
21. Martha	Ammaq	23	1988	NU
22. Shelley	Anderson	30	2005	SK
23. Leah	Anderson	15	2013	MB
24. Samantha	Anderson	23	2012	MB
25. Shelley	Anderson	51	2009	ON
26. Joni	Andre	22	2004	NWT
27. Patricia	Andrew		1985	BC
28. Abigail	Andrews	28	2010	BC
29. Edith	Angalik	25	2014	NU
30. Ida	Angotigirk	41	2013	QC
31. Lisa	Anstey	21	1997	ON
32. Cassandra	Antone	20	1997	BC
33. Molly	Apsassin	58	1994	BC
34. Wendy	Arnault	23	2003	SK
35. Lorraine	Arrance	40	2003	BC
36. Sharon	Arrance			BC
37. Elena	Assam-Thunderbird	17	2002	ON
38. Elisapi	Assapa	31	2003	QC
39. Susan	Assin		1974	ON
40. Venecia	Audy	3	2006	MB
41. Cynthia	Audy	27	2004	MB
42. Laverna	Avigan			BC
43. Allison	Ayalik	7	1998	NU
44. Michelle	Ayalik	13	1998	NU
45. Linda	Backfat	40	2006	AB
46. Shelly	Bacsu	16	1983	AB
47. Cynthia	Badarm	37	2014	AB
48. Desiree	Badger	15	2014	AB
49. Marilyn	Badger	52	2006	AB
50. Celine	Bahsler		1993	SK
51. Chystal	Baker	35	2002	BC
52. Karen	Baker		1986	BC
53. Louise	Baker	22	2010	MB
54. Sylvia	Ballantyne	40	2003	AB
55. Alice	Ballantyne	46	2005	SK
56. Jean	Ballantyne	63	2010	SK
57. Jenilee	Ballantyne	22	2013	MB
58. Emily	Ballantyne	24	1991	MB
59. Heather	Ballantyne	40	2013	SK
60. Marie	Banks	18	1983	MB
61. Lora	Banman	23	1999	BC
62. Gloria	Baptiste			BC
63. Jordena	Baptiste	22	2003	AB
64. Dawns	Baptiste	31	2015	AB
65. Marlene	Barbeau	47	2007	QC
66. Amanda	Bartlett	17	1996	MB
67. Immaculate	Basil	26	2013	BC
68. Janet	Basil	33		BC
69. Chrystal	Beairsto	23	2003	PEI
70. Lisa	Bear	20	2001	BC
71. Richelle	Bear	23	2013	SK
72. Lori	Bearbull	37	2014	MB
73. Geraldine	Beardy	29	2009	MB
74. Annette	Beardy-Spence		2013	MB
75. Victoria	Beatty		1954	ON
76. Nadine	Beaulieu	1	1996	MB
77. Rose Mary	Beaver	32	1994	AB
78. Dillon	Belanger	4	2010	MB
79. Samantha	Belcourt	12	2004	AB
80. Patricia	Belcourt	18	2001	AB
81. Ginger	Bellerose	26	2001	AB
82. Deanna	Bellerose		2002	AB
83. Leanne	Benwell	27	2007	AB
84. Edna	Bernard	28	2002	AB
85. Jane	Bernard		1966	ON
86. Noa	Bernard	72	2007	NS
87. Jeaniel	Berreault	22	2010	BC
88	Bertrand		2010
89. Danita	Bigeagle	22	2007	SK
90. Kyra	Bighetty	0	2007	MB
91. Skye	Bighetty	8	2013	MB
92. Christine	Billy			BC
93. Shawna	Bird	16	2001	AB
94. Angel	Bird	23	2010	AB
95. Farro	Bird	19	2005	SK
96. Mary Ann	Birmingham	16	1986	NU
97. Vickie	Black		1993	BC
98. Cheryl	Black	46	2004	AB
99. Alice	Black	31	2008	NWT
100. Margaret	Blackbird	21	1951	SK
101. Gloria	Blackplume		1991	AB
102. Lorna	Blacksmith	18	2012	MB
103. Lizzie	Blacksmith	15	1973	QC
104. Cindy	Blazek	23	1986	SK
105. Jacqueline	Bob	41	2004	BC
106. Celestine	Bob		1962	BC
107. Nancy	Bob		1990	BC
108. Tricia	Boisvert	36	2014	QC
109. Lisa Marie	Bone-Spence	17	2009	MB
110. Hilary	Bonnell	16	2009	NB
111. Liz	Bonney		1992	ON
112. Francis	Boon	69	2012	MB
113. Dahleen	Bosse		2004	SK
114. Barbara	Bostrom	26	1986	ON
115. Bernice	Bottle	36	1988	ON
116. Misty	Boudreau	13	1991	BC
117. David	Boulanger	28	2004	MB
118. Denise	Bourdeau	39	2006	ON
119. Rebecca	Boutilier	20	1993	AB
120. Jessica	Boysis	20	2014	AB
121. Eileen	Bradburn	50	2002	MB
122. Deena	Braem	17	1999	BC
123. Pauline	Brazeau	16	1976	AB
124. Bella	Brian	15	1973	QC
125. Tanya	Brooks	38	2009	NS
126. Delores	Brower		2004	AB
127. Marlissa	Brown	15	2007	BC
128. Melanie	Brown	31	2004	BC
129. Ada	Brown	39	2001	BC
130. Lara	Brown	26	1998	AB
131. Cecil	Brown		1984	ON
132. Christine	Browne	16	1991	BC
133. Annette	Bruce
134. Leona	Brule		1989	NWT
135. Jacqueline	Bruno	18	2010	AB
136. Fonessa	Bruyere	17	2007	MB
137. Jodi	Bryant	21	2010	SK
138. Stephanie	Buboire	30	2004	MB
139. Vanessa	Buckner	27	1987	BC
140. Marlene	Buffalo-Hudson	23		BC
141. Carol	Buggins	48	2012	NWT
142. Cindy	Burk	21	1990	BC
143. Maggie	Burke		2004	AB
144. Monica	Burns	28	2015	SK
145. Caroline	Burns	52	1973	SK
146. Chantelle	Bushie	16	2007	AB
147. N.	C.	13	2005	AB
148.	Cahoose			BC
149. Sandy	Calahasen		1993	Y.K.
150. Belinda	Cameron	46	2005	BC
151. Robin	Cameron	29	2006	SK
152. Constance	Cameron	20	1984	MB
153. Evaline	Cameron	19	1995	ON
154. Roxanne	Campbell	38	2002	BC
155. Joan	Campbell	36	2003	SK
156. Bernadette	Campo		BC
157. Loretta	Capot-Blanc	31	1997	BC
158. Michela	Cardinal	12	2001	BC
159. Carol	Cardinal			BC
160. Gail	Cardinal	21	1983	AB
161. Jessica	Cardinal	24	1997	AB
162. Juanita	Cardinal	27	2006	AB
163. Joyce	Cardinal	35	1993	AB
164. Jeanette	Cardinal	40	2011	AB
165. Valerie	Cardinal	40	2004	AB
166. Monica	Cardinal	46	1993	AB
167. Marie	Cardinal		1953	NWT
168. Dawn	Carisse	43	2001	ON
169. Angel	Carlick	19	2007	Y.K.
170. Marie	Carlson-Hill	31	2012	AB
171. Loran	Carpenter			BC
172. Monica	Carpenter	16	2013	MB
173. Leone	Carpenter		1989	ON
174. Patricia	Carpenter	14	1993	ON
175. Terri	Carson	15	1981	BC
176. Kim	Casimer	21	1989	BC
177. Kristen	Catcheway	2	1993	MB
178. Jennifer	Catcheway	18	2008	MB
179. Chantelle	Cathcart	23	2011	SK
180. Charlene	Catholique	15	1990	NWT
181. Annie	Cedar			BC
182. Melilssa	Chaboyer	35	2005	MB
183. Marcia	Charette		1987	AB
184. Mathilda	Charles			BC
185. Jacqueline	Charles	31	2004	SK
186. Sherry	Charlie	1	2002	BC
187. Chassidy	Charlie	17	2011	BC
188. Donna	Charlie	22	1990	BC
189. Roxanne	Charlie	26	2009	BC
190. Mary Ann	Charlie			BC
191. Louise	Chartrand	17	1981	BC
192. Connie	Chartrand		1981	BC
193. Donna	Chartrand		1998	BC
194. Tara	Chartrand	30	2012	SK
195. Judy	Chescue	22	1988	AB
196. Jeanette	Chief	48	2007	SK
197. Heather	Chinnock		2001	BC
198. Lana	Chipesia	23	2011	BC
199. Tamara	Chipman	22	2005	BC
200. Michelle	Choiniere	24	2005	BC
201. Christina	Christison	27	2002	BC
202. Colette	Cimon	39	1993	NB
203. Bethany	Clement	15	2002	BC
204. Shirley	Cletheroe	45	2006	BC
205. Holly	Cochrane			BC
206. Justine	Cochrane	15	2011	AB
207. Leigh	Cochrane		2003	MB
208. Sharla	Collier	20	2002	AB
209. Linda	Condo		1988	QC
210. Carolyn	Connolly	54	2008	ON
211. Amanda	Cook	14	1996	MB
212. Hazel	Coombs	0	2001	AB
213. Audrey	Cooper	35	2006	MB
214. Mary	Corbiere	76	2010	AB
215. Charmaine	Corrigal	32	2014	NWT
216. Elise	Cote	48	2012	SK
217. Ada	Court	13	1981	BC
218. Alicia	Courtoreille-Brignall	2007	BC
219. Pauline	Crane	15	2015	MB
220. Jaylene	Crane	19	2006	MB
221. Jacqueline	Crazybull	44	2007	AB
222. Yvonne	Crazybull		1991	AB
223.	Creighton		1960	AB
224. Dawn	Crey	43	2000	BC
225. Faith	Crey			AB
226. Laura	Cross		2001	NS
227. Unice	Crow	19	2013	MB
228. Daisy	Curley	33	2008	NU
229. Tanya	Curry		1999	BC
230. Beverly	Custer	34	2014	MB
231. Jennifer	Cusworth	19	1993	BC
232. Sonya	Cywink	31	1994	ON
233. Corrine	Dagnault			BC
234. Colleen	Daignault	13	1981	BC
235. Catherine	Daignault	40	1989	BC
236. Antoinette	Daniels	26	2004	SK
237. Terrie	Dauphinais	24	2002	AB
238. Crysta	David	20	1992	BC
239. Carol	Davie			BC
240. Carol	Davis	29	1987	BC
241. Maryann	Davis	25	2005	ON
242. Deanna	Daw		2000	ON
243. Rose	Decoteau	43	2005	AB
244. Aliyah	Degrasse	2	2011	NU
245. Alexandra	Degrasse	7	2011	NU
246. Carol	Deiter	32		BC
247. Shelly	Dene	26	2013	AB
248. Lana	Derrick	19	1995	BC
249. Charmaine	Desa	20	1990	AB
250. Beverley	Desjarlais			BC
251. Judy	Desjarlais	29	1997	AB
252. Janice	Desjarlais	35	2010	AB
253. Naomi	Desjarlais	21	1987	SK
254. Cassandra	Desjarlais	24	2013	SK
255. Marie	Desjarlais		1986	SK
256. Yvonne	Desjarlais	63	2012	NWT
257. Patsy	Desmarais	4	2004	MB
258. Karla	Desrosiers	45	2007	ON
259. Shelley	Devoe	44	2006	BC
260. Sarah	deVries	29	1998	BC
261. Stacey	Diabo	18	2003	ON
262. Judy	Dick	14	1975	BC
263. Mary	Dick	40	2002	BC
264. Judy	Dickie	38	2004	AB
265. Diane	Dobson	36	1995	ON
266. April	Dobson	40	2005	ON
267. Jane	Doe 005	20-24		BC
268. Jane	Doe 010	24-25		AB
269. Jane	Doe 015		1987	ON
270. Person	Doe 016	0	1987	SK
271. Jane	Doe 019	70	1991	NFLD
272. Jane	Doe 020	50-65		BC
273. Jane	Doe 022	33		BC
274. Jane	Doe 033	35-40		SK
275. Jane	Doe 046	35-50		ON
276. Jane	Doe 048	30-50		ON
277. Jane	Doe 050	30-60		AB
278. Jane	Doe 052	22	2006	SK
279. Jane	Doe 055	34-62		AB
280. Jane	Doe 062	4	2009	AB
281. Jane	Doe 064	16	2010	ON
282. Jane	Doe 065	16	2013	BC
283. Jane	Doe 072	35-50		MB
284. Jane	Doe 074	23	2013	NU
285. Jane	Doe 075	15	2013	QC
286. Jane	Doe 080		2014	AB
287. Jane	Doe 085		2014	NU
288. Jane	Doe 091	1	2014	MB
289. Elizabeth	Dorion	44	1999	MB
290. Suzanne	Dube	22	1998	NS
291. Cheryl	Duck	15	1987	MB
292. Nancy	Dumas	75	1987	MB
293. Velma	Duncan	18	1972	BC
294. Gloria	Duneult			BC
295. Jackaleen	Dyck	23	1980	MB
296. Marguerite	Dyson	51	1996	NFLD
297. Jean	Eagle	28	1968	QC
298. Roseanne	Eaglestick	23	2014	MB
299. Nora	Eaglestick		1977	MB
300. Glennis	Edwards	48	2006	BC
301. Mupaloo	Eegeesiak	0	1993	NU
302. Roberta	Elders		2001	BC
303. Chrystal	Elk	37	2011	MB
304. Adrienne	Ermine	37	2010	SK
305. Mary	Evans-Harlick	24	2002	NFLD
306. Karen	Ewanciw	11	1975	AB
307. Darelle	Exner	14	1996	SK
308. Barbara	Eyapaise	24	2002	AB
309. Oolayou	Eyesiak	51	1986	NU
310. Patricia	Favel	18	1984	SK
311. Roberta	Ferguson	19	1988	BC
312. Jerry	Ferguson			BC
313. Chantel	Ferguson
314. Vikki	Ferrando	30	1999	BC
315. Brenda	Fidler		1986	BC
316. Sandra	Flamond			BC
317. Roxanne	Fleming	18	1982	BC
318. Amanda	Flett			BC
319. Mildred	Flett	51	2010	MB
320. Leticia	Fleury	25	2011	SK
321. Georgette	Flint		1988	AB
322. Elaine	Flowers	21	1981	SK
323. Elaine	Flowers	20	1985	NFLD
324. Tina	Fontaine	15	2014	MB
325. Sheila	Fontaine	42	2011	MB
326. Summer	Fowler	16	2012	BC
327. Sharon	Fox	43	2010	AB
328. Scentri	Fox	3	1995	SK
329. Rena	Fox	38	2003	ON
330. Lisa	Francis	41	2009	BC
331. Cassandra	Francis	21		AB
332. Lorilee	Francis		2007	AB
333. Loretta	Frank	19	1989	Y.K.
334. Maryse	Fréchette	17	2007	QC
335. Leanne	Freeman	23	2011	ON
336. Helen	Frost	17	1970	BC
337. Roswitha	Fuchsbichler	15	1980-1982	BC
338. Jennifer	Furminger	28	1999	BC
339. Kimberley	Gallup		1990	BC
340. Jewel	Gambler	28	1992	SK
341. Arabella	Garson	34	2007	MB
342. Martha	Garvin
343. Sylvia	Gaudet	52	2005	ON
344. Sandra	Gaudet	14	1990	QC
345. Lisa	Gavin	21	1988	BC
346. Martha	Gavin			BC
347. Melanie	Geddes	24	2005	SK
348. Corona	Genaille	0	2007	SK
349. Ruby	Genaille	45	2004	MB
350. Tashina	General	21	2008	ON
351. Christa	George	27	2003	BC
352. Norma	George	30	1992	BC
353. Brenda	George			BC
354. Helena	George			BC
355. Marina	George			BC
356. Mary	George		2005	BC
357. Pamela	George	28	1995	SK
358. Graffie	George		1967	Y.K.
359. Alisha	Germaine		1994	BC
360. Joanne	Ghostkeeper	24	1996	AB
361. Helen	Gillings	19	1995	ON
362. Michelle	Ginnish	22	2004	NB
363. Cindy	Gladue	36	2011	AB
364. Nancy	Gladue		1981	AB
365. Angelica	Godin	15	2012	MB
366. June	Goforth	4	2012	SK
367. Kelly	Goforth	21	2013	SK
368. Mary	Goodfellow	67	1993	SK
369. Freda	Goodrunning	35	2014	AB
370. Sonya	Goodstriker	31	2005	AB
371. Kari	Gordon		1997	BC
372. Clara	Gordon	16	1958	ON
373. Sharon	Gosselin	31	1987	AB
374. Marie	Goudreau	17	1976	AB
375. Frances	Grant	33	1989	BC
376. Alexis	Grant	1	2005	AB
377. Linda	Green	18	1975	MB
378. Andrea	Grey		1999	AB
379. Amber	Guiboche	20	2010	MB
380. Sylvia	Guiboche	20	2003	MB
381. Rene	Gunning		2005	AB
382. Rebecca	Guno	23	1983	BC
383. Michele	Gurney	29	1998	BC
384. Tracy	Guthrie	39	2006	BC
385. Margaret	Guylee		1965	ON
386. Janice	Hackh		1979	BC
387. Michelle	Hadwen	37	2009	AB
388. Chantelle	Halcro	25	2012	MB
389. Elizabeth	Halkett	19	2003	SK
390. Savannah	Hall	3	2001	BC
391. Heather	Hamill	31	2003	BC
392. Dianna	Hamm	43	1991	MB
393. Nicolle	Hands	32	2003	MB
394. Ruby	Hardy	32	1998	BC
395. Doreen	Hardy	18	1966	ON
396. Maureen	Harper	54	2011	MB
397. Esther	Harper	55	2008	MB
398. Vera	Harry		1986	BC
399. Veronica	Harry			BC
400. Violet	Heathen		2009	SK
401. Candace	Henderson		1999	MB
402. Levina	Henry	19	1967	BC
403. Janet	Henry	37	1997	BC
404. Wendy	Henry	20	2007	MB
405. Violet	Herman	40	2002	BC
406. Éliane	Hervieux	36	2000	QC
407. Joyce	Hewitt	22	1997	AB
408. Joanne	Hoeppner	28	2008	MB
409. Susan	Holens	15	1989	MB
410. Angela	Holm	16	2009	MB
411. Deborah	Holmes	46	2001	PEI
412. Pamela	Holopainen	22	2003	ON
413. Tanya	Holyk		1996	BC
414. Anette	Holywhiteman		2008	AB
415. Rita	Holy-White-Man		1989	BC
416. Jeanette	Hootsie	19	2005	SK
417. Tracy	Hope			BC
418. April	Hornbrook	24	2011	MB
419. Victoria	Hornbrook	24	1993	MB
420. Jennifer	Horne	20	2007	NS
421. Priscilla	Horse	15	1997	SK
422. Cherisse	Houle	17	2009	MB
423. Cheryl	Humchitt		1993	BC
424. Sheila	Hunt			BC
425. Monica	Ignas	15	1974	BC
426. Theresa	Innes	36	2005	AB
427. Leanne	Irkootee	22	2004	NU
428. Sherry	Irving		1997	BC
429. Florence	Isaac			BC
430. Miranda	Isaac			BC
431. Roxanne	Isadore	23	2007	AB
432. Monica	Jack	12	1978	BC
433. Doreen	Jack	26	1989	BC
434. Helena	Jack	71	2004	BC
435. Laverne	Jack			BC
436. Bonnie	Jack	37	2006	AB
437. Jane	Jack	22	1995	ON
438. Barbara	Jack	14	1972	Y.K.
439. Sally	Jackson			BC
440. Lynn	Jackson	34	2004	AB
441. Helen	Jacobs	73	2006	ON
442. Yvonne	Jacobson	37	2001	AB
443. Jessica	James		2005	BC
444. Cynthia	Jamieson		2002	ON
445. Annette	Janvier	36	2001	AB
446. Jennifer	Janz	16	1991	AB
447. Kimberly	Jararuse	20	2010	NFLD
448. Honey	Jerry	0	2007	AB
449. Mary	Jimmie		1987	BC
450. Irene	Jimmy		1996	SK
451. Cheryl	Joe	26	1992	BC
452. Donna	Joe	22-32		NB
453. Virginia	Johannsen	55	1994	AB
454. Kayla	John	13	2004	BC
455. Samantha	Johnings	1	1992	ON
456. Martina	Johnnie		1994	BC
457. Mary	Johns		1982	BC
458. Pauline	Johnson	30	1985	BC
459. Mary	Johnson		1980	BC
460. Sandra	Johnson	18	1992	ON
461. Cheryl	Johnson		2001	NS
462. Tiffany	Johnston	21	2010	MB
463. Courtney	Johnstone	26	2014	AB
464. Tyeshia	Jones	18	2011	BC
465. Lorna	Jones
466. Nikita	Joseph	24	2012	BC
467. Bonnie	Joseph	32	2007	BC
468. Barbara	Joseph	43	2004	BC
469. Deborah	Joseph	48	2012	BC
470. Nina	Joseph		1980-1982	BC
471. Shelley	Joseph	40	2004	ON
472. S.	K.	1	2010	AB
473. Donna	Kabatay	17-19		ON
474. Kelsey	Kahpeechoose	13-19	2013	SK
475. Tabitha	Kalluk		2002	NU
476. Lori	Kasprick	14	1961	AB
477. Ernestine	Kasyon	26	1989	SK
478. Donna	Kasyon		2002	SK
479. Dorothy	Kay		1952	AB
480. Donna	Kayson	20	2002	SK
481. Mary	Keadjuk	24	1990	NWT
482. Mary Rose	Keajuk			NWT
483. Barbara	Keam	30	1981	AB
484. Evelyn	Kebalo	55	1977	MB
485. Tamra	Keepness	5	2004	SK
486. Charity	Keesic	19	2001	ON
487. Dawn	Keewatin	17	1982	SK
488. Debbie	Kennedy			BC
489. Minnie	Kenoajuak		1996	QC
490. Charlene	Kerr	29	1990	BC
491. Louise	Killiktee	31	2010	NU
492. Aynsley	Kinch	35	2007	MB
493. Cara	King	22	1997	AB
494. Mary	King			ON
495. Tanya	Kirchen	18	2005	MB
496. Ruby	Kirkpatrick	24	1998	BC
497. Donna	Kiss	25	1986	BC
498. Emiline	Kitchener	34	2012	SK
499. Virginia	Kitty	46	2008	ON
500. Katrina	Kiyoshk	17	2005	ON
501. Krystle	Knott	16	2005	AB
502. Kayla	Koks	22	2012	BC
503. Maricia	Koostachin		2005	MB
504. Sandy	Korba	22	2001	BC
505. Judy	Kozma	14	1981	BC
506. Mary	Kreiser	49	1987	AB
507. Donna	Kusugak		2003	NU
508. Bea	Kwaronihawi Barnes	17	2010	QC
509. Shana	Labatte	30	2004	BC
510. Therese	Labbe	47	1989	ON
511. Leanne	Laboucan	22	2007	AB
512. Francesca	Laboucan	23	2003	AB
513. Shirley	Laboucan		2003	AB
514. Mary	Laboucan		2012	NWT
515. Bella	Laboucan-McLean	26	2013	ON
516. Madelene	Lachance	14	2015	SK
517. Charlotte	Lafferty		2014	NWT
518. Linda	Lafferty		2012	NWT
519. Karen	Lafond	21	2003	SK
520. Elaine	LaForme	48	2012	ON
521. Alinda	Lahteenmaki	23	2009	MB
522. Debbie	Lake	29	2002	AB
523. Marie	Laliberte	47	1997	BC
524. April	Lambert	12	1998	AB
525. Marla	Lambert	34	2005	AB
526. Stephanie	Lane		1997	BC
527. Barbara	Laroque	21	1974	BC
528. Brenda	Larose		1990	BC
529. Danielle	LaRue	24	2002	BC
530. Marie	Lasas	19	2006	SK
531. Jamie	Lathlin	16	2010	MB
532. Madeleine	Lavalee	30
533.	Lavallee	23	1987	SK
534. Heather	Lavallee	37	2013	SK
535. Rhonda	Lavoie	22	1997	MB
536. Lori	Lazore	46	2014	QC
537. Doreen	Leclair	51	2000	MB
538. Bernadette	Leclair	16	1987	ON
539. Delena	Lefthand Dixon	20	2008	AB
540. Irene	LeGrande		1976	AB
541. Mariella	Lennie	17	1991	NWT
542. Mabel	Leo	18	1951	BC
543. Lisa	Leo			BC
544. Myrna	Letandre	36	2006	MB
545. Geraldine	Letendre	30	2002	AB
546. Susan	Levasseur	28	2004	MB
547. Carmen	L'Hirondelle	25	2003	AB
548. Mary	Lidguerre	30	1995	BC
549. Monika	Lillmeier			BC
550. Hope	Lincoln	2	2006	BC
551. Roberta	Lincoln			BC
552. Agnes	Linklater	16	2010	MB
553. Richard (Kellie)	Little	28	1997	BC
554. Verna	Littlechief	34	1978	BC
555. Christina	Littlejohn	27	1968	MB
556. Brenda	Logan	26	1996	BC
557. Shirley	Lonethunder	25	1991	SK
558. Leslie	Longjohn	28	2006	SK
559. Barbara	Loon	34	2009	ON
560. Malena	Loonskin	26	2014	AB
561. Roxanne	Louie	26	2015	BC
562. Kimber	Lucas	25	1994	NS
563. Marcie	Lunt	20-22	1975	BC
564. Evie	Luuku	39	1998	QC
565. Sylvia	Lyall	41	2004	NU
566. Verna	Lyons			BC
567. Cynthia	Maas	35	2010	BC
568. Jean	MacDonald		1999	ON
569. Mitzi	MacDougall	27	1998	ON
570. Dorinda	Machiskinic	38	2013	SK
571. Marjorie	Mack			BC
572. Pheobe	Mack	28	2002	BC
573. Lois	Mackie
574. Savannah	MacNeill	4	2004	BC
575. Seraphina	MacNeill	4	2004	BC
576. Rhoda	Maghagak	49	2004	NU
577. Laura	Mah	42	1985	BC
578. Margaret	Mahseelah	27	1963	BC
579. Sandi	Malcolm	17	2010	MB
580. Lisa	Malla	23	2008	NU
581. Heather	Mallett	14	2011	MB
582. Courtney	Mamakeesic	20	2013	ON
583. Mary	Mark	41	1975	BC
584. Vanessa	Marlowe		2015	NWT
585. Tania	Marsden	18	1998	MB
586. Diane	Marshall	43	2006	ON
587. Kristal	Martin	32	1999	BC
588. Delilah	Martin			BC
589. Dorothy	Martin		1996	MB
590. Mary Rose	Martin	28	1985	NWT
591. Alissa	Martin-Travers	5	2008	ON
592. Mavis	Mason	29	1990	AB
593. Sarah	Mason	44	1997	ON
594. Shelly	Mathieu-Read	45	2007	ON
595. Adele	Matinat	22	2004	ON
596. Liana	Matthewson	44	2008	ON
597. Dominique	McCann	19	2011	MB
598. Colleen	McDonald	19	1999	MB
599. Jocelyn	McDonald	16	2000	ON
600. Jamie	McGuire	20	1994	MB
601. Roberta	McIvor	32	2011	SK
602. Monica	McKay	18	2000	BC
603. Chloey	McKay	13	2013	MB
604. Honey	McKay	21	2003	MB
605. Madison	McKay	22	2013	MB
606. Sylvia	McKay	35	1991	MB
607. Belinda	McKay	38	2012	MB
608. Corrine	McKeown	52	2000	MB
609. Leanne	McLean	23	2012	MB
610. Julie	McLeod		1993	BC
611. Jean	McMaster		1992	AB
612. Mary Anne	Medwayosh	23	1981	BC
613. Talia	Meguinis	27	2012	AB
614. Andria	Meise		2010	BC
615. Viola	Melvin	65	1977	ON
616. Rose	Merasty			BC
617. Sharon	Merasty	18	1993	SK
618. Destiny	Merasty	26	2015	SK
619. Cherissa-Lynn	Mercer	14	2001	BC
620. Janelle	Mercredi	20	1986	AB
621. Paige	Merrick-Klyne	1	2005	MB
622. Angela	Meyer	27	2010	NWT
623. Kathy	Michael		2013	NU
624. Deidre	Michelin	21	1993	NFLD
625. Marie	Mike	22	1964	SK
626. Tatum	Miles	19	2012	MB
627. Henrietta	Millek	25	1982	NFLD
628. Karen	Miller	31	2000	BC
629. Victoria	Mink	43	2011	MB
630. Maggie	Mink	26	1987	BC
631. Eva	Mitchell	83	2004	BC
632. Katy	Mitchell	19	1999	MB
633. Natasha	Moar	21	2009	MB
634. Jean	Moccasin		1961	SK
635. Jean	Mocharski	43	1961	MB
636. Paige	Moloi-Straightnose	18	2010	MB
637. Corrina	Monkman	11	2014	MB
638. Natasha	Montgomery	23	2010	BC
639. Myrna	Montgrand	14	1979	SK
640. Gloria	Moody		1969	BC
641. Mary	Moose		1958	MB
642. Lisa	Moosomin			BC
643. Corrine	Moosomin	25	1986	SK
644. Gloria	Morden	34	1996	ON
645. Brenda	Moreside		2005	AB
646. Savanah	Morin	20	2012	AB
647. Marlene	Morowski	35		AB
648. Kelly	Morriseau	27	2006	QC
649. Glenda	Morriseau	19	1991	MB
650. Gale	Morrison	29	1993	BC
651. Tiffany	Morrison		2006	QC
652. Shannon	Morrissette	5	1992	AB
653. Mae	Morton	17	1973	ON
654. Alacie	Moses	20	2004	QC
655. Maureen	Mosie	33	1981	BC
656. Samantha	Muldoe	6	1988	BC
657. Audrianna	Munroe	22	2007	BC
658. Marilyn	Munroe	14	2009	MB
659. Jacqueline	Murdock	28	1997	BC
660. Teresa	Murdock	23	1990	MB
661. Irma	Murdock	38	2000	MB
662. Jackie	Myerion	25	2004	BC
663. Jean	Myra	31	1990	NS
664. Jennifer	Naglingniq	13	2002	NU
665. Jarita	Naistus	20	2005	AB
666. Pamela	Napoleon	42	2014	BC
667. Shelley	Napope	16	1992	SK
668. Victoria	Nashacappo		2002	SK
669. Susan	Natar	29	2003	NU
670. Minnie	Natchequan	37	2008	QC
671. Maggie	Natomagan	74	1976	SK
672. Cheryl	Nayneecassum	22	2003	SK
673. Debbie	Neaslose			BC
674. Heather	Nelson	19	1982	BC
675. Tanya	Nepinak	31	2011	MB
676. Alice	Netemegesic		1970s	ON
677. Melissa	Nicholson	17	1991	BC
678. Delphine	Nikal	15	1990	BC
679. Cecilia	Nikal	18	1989	BC
680. Mary	Norn	10	1951	NWT
681. Dorothy	Norn		1951	NWT
682. Jessica	Noskey	25	2001	AB
683. Madeline	Noskey			AB
684.	Noskiye	2	2013	AB
685. Alacie	Nowrakudluk	35	1994	QC
686. Kiona	Oakes	1	2007	SK
687. Breanne	Oberman	16	2010	MB
688. Maisy	Odjick	16	2008	QC
689. Roberta	Okeymow	24	1998	AB
690. Crystal	Okimaw	24	2006	BC
691. Desiree	Oldwoman	21	2011	AB
692. Samara	Olsen	0	2004	YK
693. Olivia	Olson	4	1979	BC
694. Cherish	Oppenheim	16	2001	BC
695. Charlene	Orshalak	17	1987	MB
696. Claudette	Osborne	21	2008	MB
697. Helen	Osborne		1971	MB
698. Emily	Osmond	78	2007	SK
699. Betsy	Owens	15	1988	MB
700. Vivian	Paddy	33	2001	AB
701. Holly	Painter	18	1995	ON
702. Viola	Panacheese	42	1991	ON
703. Desery	Panaktak	19	2011	NU
704. Charlene	Panamick	36		ON
705. Amelia	Papastesis	26	2006	SK
706. Georgina	Papin		1999	BC
707. Joyce	Paquette			BC
708. Tricia	Paquette	8	1978	ON
709. Fabian (Faye)	Paquette	42	2002	BC
710. Micheline	Pare		1970	BC
711. Stephanie	Pare	32	2006	ON
712. Nicole	Parisien	33	2007	BC
713. Edwina	Park	42	2006	SK
714. Katrina	Parkinson	19	2005	SK
715. Carol	Pascal	24	1992	MB
716. Precious	Pascal		2004	MB
717. Crystal	Paskemin	21	2000	SK
718. Barbara	Paul		1981	BC
719. Maxine	Paul		1981	BC
720. Samantha	Paul	26	2013	AB
721. Shawna	Paul	34	2015	AB
722. Sherry	Paul		1993	MB
723. Emma	Paul		1991	NS
724. Cindy	Paulson	32	2001	AB
725. Peggy	Pavel			BC
726. Cecilia	Payash	47	1957	ON
727. Valerie	Paypompee	36	2009	MB
728. Rhonda	Pedersen	2	1969	SK
729. Grace	Pedersen	8	1969	SK
730. Bernadette	Pedersen	30	1969	SK
731. Janet	Pelletier			BC
732. Deborah	Pelletier	15	2015	SK
733. Heather	Pelletier	30	1988	ON
734. Patricia	Pendleton	29	1992	BC
735. Krista	Penunsi	15	2014	SK
736. Mary	Periard	70	2005	AB
737. Margaret	Perrault	32	1988	ON
738. Angeline	Pete	28	2011	BC
739. Thelma	Pete	43	2004	BC
740. Jennifer	Pete			BC
741. Anne	Peters	22	2008	BC
742. Rose	Peters	28	1988	BC
743. Bonnie	Peters			BC
744. Maxine	Peters	34	2004	ON
745. Pearl	Peterson	9	1967	SK
746. Dorothy	Peterson	11	1967	SK
747. Mary	Peterson	13	1967	SK
748. Jean	Peterson	17	1967	SK
749. Evelyn	Peterson	42	1967	SK
750. Spring	Phillips	26	2009	ON
751. Laura	Pilon	22	1992	ON
752. Tanya	Pinette	15	2000	QC
753. Jenny	Pingo	33	2011	NWT
754. Tammy	Pipe	24	1995	BC
755. Marjorie	Pironen			BC
756. Monique	Pitre	30	2003	AB
757. Denise	Pompana	31	1988	MB
758. Wendy	Poole	26	1989	BC
759. Angela	Poorman	29	2014	MB
760. Dorette	Potts		2012	AB
761. Amber	Potts Jaffary	16	1988	ON
762. Jeanie	Poucachie	20	2003	QC
763. Terrilynne	Poulette	17	2005	NS
764. Denise	Providence	26	2006	AB
765. Leah	Qavavauq		2005	QC
766. Bernadine	Quewezance	36	2012	SK
767. Karen	Quill	1	1997	SK
768. Judy	Quill	35	2009	ON
769. Patricia	Quinn	33	2008	BC
770. Rachel	Quinney	19	2004	AB
771. Isabella	Rain-Ayala	2	2005	BC
772. Sandra	Ramsay	41	2010	SK
773. Wendy	Ratté	44	1997	BC
774. Diana	Rattlesnake	48	2004	SK
775. Bernice	Redhead	1	1968	MB
776. Jaylene	Redhead	1	2009	MB
777. Lorna	Redhead	42	2009	MB
778. Amber	Redman	19	2005	SK
779. Jessica	Redman	27	2012	SK
780. Kelly	Reilly	24	2001	AB
781. Susan	Reinhardt	40	2006	SK
782. Michelle	Remi		2003	BC
783. April	Reoch		2000	BC
784. Bernice	Rich	21	2013	NFLD
785. Cherie	Richard	20	2012	MB
786. Marena	Riding-at-the-Door		BC
787. Darlinda	Ritchey		1986	BC
788. Belinda	Ritchie
789. Lorraine	Rivers	18	1966	ON
790. Delores	Rivet			BC
791. Carol	Riviere		2006	AB
792. Nya	Robailard
793. Jodi	Roberts	24	2013	SK
794. Michelle	Robichaud	17	2000	ON
795. Marie	Roper	17	1967	BC
796. Shirley	Rosette	44	2006	BC
797. Naomi	Ross	16	2010	MB
798. Tasha	Rossette	21	2005	BC
799. Mertyl	Roy			BC
800. Rhonda	Running Bird	25	1995	AB
801. Irene	Ruth	26	1963	BC
802. Roberta	Saddleback	20s		BC
803. Liz	Sakakeesic		1994	ON
804. Gillian	Salopree	28	2010	AB
805. Virginia	Sampare	18	1974	BC
806. Katelynn	Sampson	7	2008	ON
807. Cynthia	Sanderson	24	2002	SK
808. Simone	Sanderson	23	2012	MB
809. Aielah	Saric-Auger	14	2006	BC
810. Janice	Saul			BC
811. Crystal	Saunders	24	2007	MB
812. Loretta	Saunders	26	2014	NS
813. Sophia	Schmidt	0	1996	MB
814. Laurie	Scholtz			BC
815. Linda	Scott	29	2000	AB
816. Cindy	Scow	28	2012	BC
817. Elsie	Sebastian	40	1992	BC
818. Joyce	Semmler		1985	NWT
819. Mary Jane	Serloin	35	1981	AB
820. Geraldine	Settee	11	1970	MB
821. Lorena	Severight		1996	SK
822. Margaret	Sewap	33	2011	SK
823. Edna	Shade		1987	BC
824. Barbara	Shapwaykeesic	29	1989	ON
825. Rowena	Sharpe	38	2012	NB
826. Lisa	Sheepskin	18	2000	SK
827. Rachel	Shepherd	46	2013	SK
828. Natalia Marie	Shingoose	2	2012	SK
829. Colleen	Shook	24	1975	BC
830.	Shore		1996	SK
831. Dorcas	Shorson		2003	BC
832. Ramona	Shuler		2003	BC
833. Therena	Silva		2002	MB
834. Cheryl	Sim	53	2010	BC
835. Verna	Simard	50	2011	BC
836. Amanda	Simpson	4	1999	BC
837. Pheonix	Sinclair	5	2005	MB
838. Carolyn	Sinclair	25	2011	MB
839. Lorraine	Sinclair	37	1997	MB
840. Mary	Sinclair	45	1999	MB
841. Beatrice	Sinclair	65	1974	MB
842. Sarah	Skunk	43	1995	ON
843. Naiomi	Skye	25	1997	BC
844. Carla	Slots	29	2000	BC
845. Cindy-Lou	Smaaslet	21	1987	ON
846. Darlene	Small-Legs			BC
847. Cheri	Smith	18	1990	BC
848. Carla	Smith	27	2011	BC
849. Julie	Smith	33	2002	BC
850. Mary	Smith		1998	BC
851. Edna	Smith	24	1983	SK
852. Mary	Smith	25	1999	MB
853. Ashley	Smith	18	2007	ON
854. Marietta	Smoker			BC
855. Peggy	Snow			BC
856. Ingrid	Soet	40	1989	BC
857. Felicia	Solomon	16	2003	MB
858. Danika	Solway	3	2002	SK
859. Starr	Solway		2002	SK
860. Bernice	Soosay		1986	AB
861. April	Sparvier	24	2006	SK
862. Dorothy	Spence	32	1995	BC
863. Stella	St. Arnault	15	1971	AB
864. Jeanine	St. Jean	42	2007	ON
865. Bernadine	Standingready	26	1991	BC
866. Jacqueline	Stanicia	40	2003	MB
867. Florence	Starr		1960s	BC
868. Cindy	Stevenson		1999	MB
869. Dianne	Stewart	42	1996	BC
870. Kathy	Stewart		1991	BC
871. Carol	Stewart	0	1972	SK
872. Evelyn	Stewart	25	1998	MB
873. Jennifer	Stewart	36	2010	ON
874. Luanne	Stolarchuk			BC
875.	Stonehouse	24
876. Cybil	Stoney	37	2009	ON
877. Donna	Stony
878. Francesca	St-Pierre	14	2007	QC
879. Vivian	Sula Enuaraq	29	2011	NU
880. Tashina	Sutherland	23	2012	BC
881. Jane	Sutherland	20	1984	QC
882. Meloni	Sutton	18	2003	ON
883. Mandy	Suvissak	2	2005	NU
884. Janet	Sylvestre		1994	SK
885. Vanessa	Tagoona	29	2009	ON
886. Kerry	Takkiruq	19	2011	AB
887. Leslie	Talley	29	2010	AB
888. Norma	Tashoots	17	1989	BC
889. Donna	Taylor	36	2007	BC
890. Noreen	Taylor	32	2001	MB
891. Wanda	Taylor	44	2010	ON
892. Eva	Taysup	22	1992	SK
893. Donna	Tebbenham	16	1987	ON
894. Roxanne	Thiara	15	1994	BC
895. Judith	Thibault		2000	ON
896. Lalonnie	Thibert	25	1993	BC
897. Sonia	Thomas	41	2010	BC
898. Mary	Thomas		1971	BC
899. Patricia	Thomas		1984	BC
900. Stephanie	Thomas		1998	BC
901. Cassandra	Thomas	1	2003	MB
902. Francine	Thomas	1	1993	MB
903. Tina	Thompson	20	1993	BC
904. Josephine	Thompson		1971	ON
905. Ann	Threlfell	24	1980	BC
906. Mary Ann	Thunder	83	2014	AB
907. Arlene	Thunder		1994	AB
908. Heather	Thurier	23	2010	AB
909. Joyce	Tillotson	42	1993	SK
910. Lavina	Tocher	35	1991	SK
911. Destiny	Tom	21	2013	BC
912. Helena	Tomat	17	1989	BC
913. Elsie	Tomma			BC
914. Belinda	Tootiak	30	2008	NU
915. Deborah	Toulouse	41	2002	ON
916. Tami	Tracey	17	1990	BC
917. Heaven	Traverse	1	2005	MB
918. Flora	Trout	44	2010	MB
919. Amber	Tuccaro	20	2010	AB
920. Heather	Tuckatuck	23	2001	NWT
921. Rachel	Turley	20	1985	BC
922. Lucie	Turmel		1990	AB
923. Tatia	Ulm	39	2005	MB
924. Lorna	Ulmer-Billy	15	2005	BC
925. Theresa	Umphrey	39	1993	BC
926. Sherry	Upright	25	1999	AB
927. Tracy	Uttak	26	2012	NU
928. Margaret	Vedan	41	1988	BC
929. Chantal	Venne		1986	BC
930. Carol	Viau	41	1985	ON
931. Brandy	Vittrekwa	17	2014	Y.K.
932. C.	W.		2001	SK
933. Adriane	Wadhams	6	1989	BC
934. Patricia	Wadhams			BC
935. Christina	Wallace	72	2004	BC
936. Tanya	Wallace			BC
937. Wilhelmina	Wanner	52	1989	AB
938. Maxine	Wapass	23	2002	SK
939. Shirley	Waquan	39	2007	AB
940. Misty	Ward	27	2012	AB
941. Jennifer	Ward	26	2008	MB
942. Wilma	Wasicuna	42	1998	MB
943. Sophie	Wassaykeesic		1976	ON
944. Kaylee	Watchmaker	14	2014	SK
945. Calinda	Waterhen	22	1992	SK
946. Gail	Watt	42	2007	MB
947. Sarah	Wawia		1966	ON
948. Christine	Weller	12	1980	BC
949. Patricia	Wells	28	1975	ON
950. Frances	Wendland		1985	SK
951. Janine	Wesaquate	20	2004	SK
952. Brandy	Wesaquate	29	2012	SK
953. Glenda	Wesley		1994	MB
954. Mariah	Wesley	18	2009	ON
955. Shelly	Westby	47	2005	BC
956. Jaime	Wheeler	20	2000	SK
957. Marilyn	Whiskeyjack	42	2007	BC
958. Katrina	Whitecrow			ON
959. Celine	Whitehawk	0	2008	SK
960. Rhonda	Whitehead		1999	AB
961. Delores	Whiteman	40	1987	SK
962. Kathleen	Whiteman	26	1985	ON
963. Chasidy	Whitford	2	2002	BC
964. Florence	Whitford		1986	AB
965. Alberta	Williams	24	1989	BC
966. Angela	Williams	31	2001	BC
967. Belinda	Williams		1978	BC
968. Olivia	Williams		1996	BC
969. Teressa	Williams		1988	BC
970. Betty	Williams			BC
971. Cindy	Williams			BC
972. Geraldine	Williams			BC
973. Ruby	Williams			BC
974. Lisa	Willier	15	2004	AB
975. Adrienne	Wilson	6	1989	BC
976. Emma	Wilson	20	2009	BC
977. Mona	Wilson	26	2001	BC
978. Ramona	Wilson		1994	BC
979. Hillary	Wilson	18	2009	MB
980. Therssa	Wilson	30	2010	ON
981. Brenda	Wolfe	31	1999	BC
982. Wannitta	Wolfe	18	1999	SK
983. Karina	Wolfe	20	2010	SK
984. Sandra	Wolfsteiner	16	1981	BC
985. Sunshine	Wood	16	2004	MB
986. Marie	Wood	38	2010	MB
987. Gail	Worm			BC
988. Lorraine	Wray		1990	AB
989. Chrystal	Wright	19	1991	BC
990. Laurie	Wyley	46	2009	AB
991. Theresa	Yakimchuk		1973	ON
992. Annie	Yassie	13	1974	MB
993. Lisa	Young	21	2002	BC
994. Judy	Young	40	2006	AB
995. Jane	Mary			SK
996. Amelia		1	2004	MB
997. Melanie		5	2006	NU

Suggestions for Further Reading:

Book Cover Neither Indian Princesses Nor Easy Squaws

Kah’Ki Yaw Ni Wahkomakanak: Neither Indian Princesses Nor Easy Squaws, by Janice Acoose/Misko-Kisikawihkwe

About: In an impressive and powerful first book, Janice Acoose deconstructs stereotypical images of Indigenous women in popular literature. Exposing "literature" as an institution of a Euro-Canadian nation shaped by white, Christian patriarchy, Acoose calls attention to its projections of Indigenous women as Indian princesses, easy squaws, suffering helpless victims and tawny temptresses. With clarity and depth, Acoose traces the bars of literature imprisoning Indigenous women in images born of racism and sexism. From Margaret Laurence to William Patrick Kinsella, she interrogates the words that hurt, challenging liberalism, upending complacency and leaving the prison doors gaping. Iskwewak: Neither Indian Princesses nor Easy Squaws is a strong addition to literary and cultural criticism and an important resource for teachers and students alike.

"The Situation of Indigenous Peoples in Canada," Report of the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, 2014, James Ananya

About: In the present report, the Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples examines the human rights situation of indigenous peoples in Canada on the basis of research and information gathered from various sources, including during a visit to Canada from 7 to 15 October 2013. The visit was a follow-up to the 2004 visit to and report on Canada by the previous Special Rapporteur. During his visit, the Special Rapporteur met with government officials at the federal level, and at the provincial level in six provinces.

Torn from our Midst: Voices of Grief, Healing and Action from the Missing Indigenous Women Conference, by A. Brenda Anderson, Wendee Kubik, and Mary Rucklos Hampton

About: Responding to the profound tragedy inherent in these statistics, more than 300 women and men gathered in August 2008 at a conference entitled Missing Women: Decolonization, Third Wave Feminisms, and Indigenous People of Canada and Mexico. Here, personal stories and theoretical tools were brought together, as academics, activists, family members of missing and murdered women, police, media, policy-makers, justice workers, and members of faith communities offered their perspectives on the issue of racialized, sexualized violence.

Torn from Our Midst includes images and voices from the conference, together with additional reflections, both academic and personal, on the effects of violence and the possibilities for healing. The purpose of this volume is to raise awareness about missing and murdered women and to challenge communities to be courageous enough to look at the heart of this issue, to recognize the systems that allow such atrocities, and to seek justice and healing for all.

Capturing Women: The Manipulation of Cultural Imagery in Canada's Prairie West, by Sarah Carter

About: Consisting of a series of stories, events, and episodes, the book highlights shifting patterns, attitudes, and perspectives toward women in the Prairies. One of Carter's overarching themes is that women are seldom in a position to invent or project their own images, identities, or ideas of themselves, nor are they free to fully author their own texts. Focusing on captivity narratives, a popular genre in the United States that has received little attention in Canada, Carter looks at depictions of white women as victims of Aboriginal aggressors and explores the veracity of a number of accounts, including those of Fanny Kelly and Big Bear captives Theresa Delaney and Theresa Gowanlock, Canada's most famous captives. Carter also examines depictions of Aboriginal women as sinister and dangerous that appeared in the press as well as in government and some missionary publications. These representations of women, and the race and gender hierarchies created by them, endured in the Canadian West long after the last decades of the nineteenth century. Capturing Women fits into a growing body of literature on the question of women, race, and imperialism. Carter adopts a colonial framework, arguing that while the Prairies do not readily conjure up the powerful images of Empire, fundamental features of colonialism are clearly present in the extension of the power of the Canadian state and the maintenance of sharp social, economic, and spatial distinctions between the dominant and subordinate populations. She highlights similarities between images of women on the Prairies and symbols of women in other colonial cultures, such as the memsahib in Britain and the Indian captive in the United States.

Remembering Vancouver’s Disappeared Women: Settler Colonialism and the Difficulty of Inheritance, by Amber Dean (forthcoming from University of Toronto Press)

About: This is the first book-length scholarly examination of the representational practices and cultural productions that bring the story of the disappearances or murders of women from the Downtown Eastside neighbourhood in Vancouver to a wider public. The book examines a diverse array of cultural productions, including police posters, documentary film and photography on the Downtown Eastside, media representations and artists’ renderings of some of the missing women, memorials (both permanent and performance-based), selected media coverage of the Pickton trial, social justice activism, and self-representations by some of the women who have been disappeared (including poetry, journal entries and participation in activist work). The book explores the potential that these various cultural productions hold for provoking a much wider sense of implication in the disappearances or murders of the women in question, and in doing so it provides provocations for reconsidering how and why these events were possible in the first place. (More information here.)

"What Their Stories Tell Us: Research Findings from the Sisters in Spirit Initiative," by the Native Women’s Association of Canada

About: As of March 31, 2010, the Native Women’s Association of Canada (NWAC) has gathered information about the disappearance or death of more than 580 Aboriginal women and girls across Canada. This finding is the result of quantitative and qualitative research carried out over a period of five years. In 2005, NWAC secured funding for the Sisters In Spirit initiative—a five-year research, education and policy initiative supported by Status of Women Canada—to address the root causes, circumstances and trends of missing and murdered Aboriginal women and girls. NWAC has collected the evidence to document, in systematic way, issues of violence that women, families, and communities had been pointing to for the last generation.

Conquest: Sexual Violence and American Indian Genocide, by Andrea Smith

About: A recognized Native American scholar and co-founder of INCITE! Women of Color Against Violence, the largest grassroots, multiracial feminist organization in the country, Andrea Smith (Cherokee) is an emerging leader in progressive political circles. In Conquest, Smith places Native American women at the center of her analysis of sexual violence, challenging both conventional definitions of the term and conventional responses to the problem.

Beginning with the impact of the abuses inflicted on Native American children at state-sanctioned boarding schools from the 1880s to the 1980s, Smith adroitly expands our conception of violence to include environmental racism, population control and the widespread appropriation of Indian cultural practices by whites and other non-natives. Smith deftly connects these and other examples of historical and contemporary colonialism to the high rates of violence against Native American women—the most likely women in the United States to die of poverty-related illnesses, be victims of rape and suffer partner abuse.

Finding Dawn, by Christine Welsh, National Film Board 2006

About: Acclaimed Métis filmmaker Christine Welsh presents a compelling documentary that puts a human face on a national tragedy: the murders and disappearances of an estimated 500 Aboriginal women in Canada over the past 30 years. This is a journey into the dark heart of Native women's experience in Canada. From Vancouver's Skid Row to the Highway of Tears in northern British Columbia, to Saskatoon, this film honours those who have passed and uncovers reasons for hope. Finding Dawn illustrates the deep historical, social and economic factors that contribute to the epidemic of violence against Native women in this country.

*****

Biography: Angela Sterritt is an award-winning Gitxsan journalist, artist, writer and filmmaker from British Columbia who is a currently a CBC TV reporter. Sterritt has worked as a journalist for close to 15 years and has been with CBC since 2003.

Sterritt was recently awarded a prestigious William Southam Journalism Fellowship at Massey College in Toronto and is the first Aboriginal person to ever received the award since its inception in 1962. She recently completed two video documentaries for Journalists for Human Rights and acts as a consultant for various media clients.

Sterritt and her production team at CBC’s 8th Fire earned a nomination for a Canadian Screen Award for their digital platform with the groundbreaking TV series on Indigenous history and current realities.

She's also won Best Radio of the year at the ImagineNative Film Festival and two CBC Presidents awards for her work as a producer on CBC’s 8th Fire and a reporter at CBC’s Aboriginal Digital Unit.

Sterritt is also a visual artist and took on the dream of her life when she animated and exhibited five of her original paintings on over 300 LCD screens on the Toronto Transit system, 33 English malls, and the Calgary Airport. The theme was the 1200+ missing and murdered Indigenous women in Canada.

She is now working on a non-fiction book and just closed an art show in Saskatchewan. She is also illustrating a number of books.